What causes the Abraham Lake ice bubbles?
In winter, Nordegg is best known for Abraham Lake and its ice bubbles. Alberta’s Abraham Lake is one of only two places on the planet where methane ice bubbles form in such dramatic abundance. (The other is Lake Baikal in Russia.)
Pawlyk and his guides visit the lake almost daily, assessing the conditions and finding the most fascinating aspects of the lake to bring visitors to. Pawlyk is deeply familiar with how changing conditions affect the lake in winter and what causes its signature bubbles.
There are a few special factors that have all come together here to bring us these fascinating ice formations, Pawlyk says.
In short, the reasons Abraham Lake is home to these dazzling ice bubbles are:
- Shifting lake levels: Abraham Lake is part of a reservoir system, and water levels are at their lowest in spring, before the snow and glacier melt have refilled it. In spring, the lake bottom is exposed and plants can grow.
- Decomposing plant matter: As the water levels rise through the summer, the plants die off and start to decompose. This releases methane gas into the lake.
- Trapped methane bubbles: Once the lake’s surface begins to freeze in winter, methane rising from the lakebed becomes trapped and frozen in place. As the ice thickens, additional bubbles continue to rise and are captured beneath the surface, forming layered stacks of bubbles of varying sizes suspended in the ice
- Minimal snow: Weather systems travel eastward over the Canadian Rockies, dropping what’s left of their precipitation on the Columbia Icefields’ glaciers. This means there’s far less snow on Abraham Lake compared to its westerly cousins like Lake Louise or Peyto Lake.
- Wind gusts: And when there is snowfall, it’s typically cleared from the surface within days by windy conditions. And the action of snow blowing off the surface works to polish the lake’s surface, leaving a clear portal to view the bubbles below.
“It has the perfect ingredients to create an Instagram-worthy place. The shots are incredible,” Pawlyk says. However, he notes that the lake’s surface can change day to day, and you may not see precisely what you saw on Instagram.
“Pictures can only tell so much, so come with an open mind to experience everything else that the area has to offer,” he says. “It's like a sunset. You'll never see the same sunset again. But there's always something beautiful that's there."
The best things to do in winter in Nordegg
Tour the Ice Bubbles on Abraham Lake with Canadian Rockies Escapes
Swarms of frozen bubbles beneath crystal clear ice have made Abraham Lake Instagram-famous. And as spectacular as those images are, the full experience of being on the lake is more than can be captured in a single image, says Pawlyk.
“Because you can't feel the power of the wind, you can't feel the stillness of a snowstorm,” says Pawlyk, “or the heat of a Chinook and how it affects the ice and how it changes how the ice looks. And you can't feel the scope and size of the area and the vastness of it.”
Booking a guided tour of Abraham Lake with Canadian Rockies Escapes gives you the best chance to safely see the bubbles, fractures and other ephemeral features of the lake in winter.